The Importance of Socio dramatic Play

The Importance of Socio dramatic Play Much of our understanding of the value of play has originated from Piaget (1962) and Vygotsky (1978), who focused on the role of play in childrens development. They saw children as active explorers of their world. With each new encounter or interaction, children were able to discover new meanings, and thus developed more complex understandings and skills. Play is therefore, an important part of the process of constructing knowledge. It enables children to control what happens and to use what they already know to further their understanding and development. Socio-dramatic play is one of the most important forms of play (Smilansky Shefatya, 1992). Play experiences support children to be active participants in developing and strengthening their character, finding their own voice in compromising with others or directing their play ideas. When engaging in pretend play, children use fantasy, make-believe, and symbolic behavior in representing one object as another (Kaugers Ross 2009). Pla y is a skill worth practicing and mastering not, as adults often seem to think of it, a mere time filler or something to do outside to blow off steam. Mastering play is as important as mastering oral or written language. All these modes of symbolic representation enable human beings to remember manage, plan, and communicate with each other (Reynolds Jones 1997). The term play is often used but loosely defined. For the purpose of this paper when speaking of play the kind of play that will be discussed will be socio-dramatic play (Smilanskiy 1968). This type of play,also called dramatic, imaginative, or pretend play, can occur with peers, adults, or both. Characteristics of socio-dramatic play include make-believe that involves roles, objects, and situations; and includes language and social interaction. The social aspect distinguishes socio-dramatic play from dramatic play because children can and do pretend during solitary play. Socio-dramatic play may also occur in combination with constructive play in early childhood classrooms. Much of what we currently know about sociodramatic play started with Vygotskys research. Vygotsky saw play as the leading behavior in childrens development. In Vygotskys theory, children play beyond their years (Bodrova Leong, 2005). The play has several elements to it. First, the play must include an imaginary element, second, involved children must have assigned role(s) with implicit rules, and finally, language must be involved. (Smilansky Shefatya, 1992). The Role of Teachers in Childrens Play Because children are the active participant they have autonomy over their play and this is one of the most empowering experiences a child can have (Canning, 2007). The adults in the childs world play an integral role. Children want support in practical difficulties, but also want to be seen as important and competent individuals (Pramling, Samuelsson, Johansson 2009). Children want to know when they are doing the right things and want to appear in a favorable light to their teachers and other adults by informing them when peers break rules. By this the children also confirm the teachers, in the sense that they are to be trusted, they know how things should be and they have power and knowledge to mediate. The role of the teacher in play is complex and can involve a directive, non-directive, and/or elaborative role. Howard, Jenvey, and Hill (2006) indicated that higher levels of teacher verbalization can reduce play behavior. Similarly, Tamburrini (1982) suggested that re-direction dev alued play as a learning activity whereas elaborative interaction facilitated play behavior. Play activities tend to occur more frequently between children rather than with teachers (Canning, 2007). Piagets clinical observations supported educators discoveries that children construct knowledge for themselves through spontaneous activity. Through the play experiences teachers provide; children acquire rules, imitate reality, and socialize with their peers (Piaget, 1962). So then in the early years for many teaching is based on observation. Teachers dont however just watch and sit idly by. They also make play possible. The play they make possible is rich, complex, and thoughtfully-planned. Socio-dramatic play provides an excellent context for children to develop and practice many important skills and behaviors that contribute to later success in school and life. As play matures, there is a progressive transition from reactive to and impulsive behaviors to behaviors that are more delib erate and thoughtful (Bodrova Leong, 2005). Teachers need to know how to observe play, helping children grow into master players. Like every stage of development, play does not occur automatically, it needs nurturing from a capable adult. Children must learn how to engage in satisfying socio-dramatic play and teachers must take responsibility for setting up their environment and assisting the play by taking on the role of observer, stage-manager, and co- player (Bredekamp 2005). Within research, play has been analyzed in numerous studies. The purpose of this study will be to examine the role of the teachers involvement during play. Specifically can a teacher or another trained adult improve socio-dramatic play to improve other cognitive and socio-emotional abilities? In order to examine this, the following questions need to be explored: What is the level of socio-dramatic play in the classroom? How is the teacher involved? What obstacles hinder progress? Method Participants and Setting Dependent Variable Independent Variable Experimental Design and Procedures

Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay -- legalization of pot

One of the biggest issues argued about all over congress, the media, and in public resides in our country’s War on Drugs. One of the primary focuses of the War on Drugs targets the controversial drug marijuana. Marijuana remains the most widely used illegal drug and stirs up constant debate everywhere. The . Starting in the early 1900’s, marijuana was labeled the drug that transformed people into criminals while causing women to lose all control of themselves in a state of ecstasy. People now see these reports were obviously wrong, but marijuana is still viewed as the drug that turns people into idiots. Growing up today, I see people smoking marijuana on an everyday basis, while still getting good grades in higher level education. This contradicts what is told to us in programs like DARE and of the brain dead potheads depicted on TV. This contradiction compels me to figure out the truth about the issue of marijuana. My own observations of people high show nothing of wha t’s told by our country. How are chronic marijuana smokers still succeeding in life? What physiological and psychological effects does marijuana have on us? Should criminals convicted of possession of marijuana get the harsh life ruining punishments they receive? With these thoughts in mind, I wonder if marijuana should be legalized. I searched the Internet for an article on the neurological effects of marijuana, because I think a person’s brain is the most important part of the body. I found a real good arti... Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay -- legalization of pot One of the biggest issues argued about all over congress, the media, and in public resides in our country’s War on Drugs. One of the primary focuses of the War on Drugs targets the controversial drug marijuana. Marijuana remains the most widely used illegal drug and stirs up constant debate everywhere. The . Starting in the early 1900’s, marijuana was labeled the drug that transformed people into criminals while causing women to lose all control of themselves in a state of ecstasy. People now see these reports were obviously wrong, but marijuana is still viewed as the drug that turns people into idiots. Growing up today, I see people smoking marijuana on an everyday basis, while still getting good grades in higher level education. This contradicts what is told to us in programs like DARE and of the brain dead potheads depicted on TV. This contradiction compels me to figure out the truth about the issue of marijuana. My own observations of people high show nothing of wha t’s told by our country. How are chronic marijuana smokers still succeeding in life? What physiological and psychological effects does marijuana have on us? Should criminals convicted of possession of marijuana get the harsh life ruining punishments they receive? With these thoughts in mind, I wonder if marijuana should be legalized. I searched the Internet for an article on the neurological effects of marijuana, because I think a person’s brain is the most important part of the body. I found a real good arti...

What Makes Supply and Demand?

The relationship between supply and demand is considered to be the most essential idea and practice as well as the fundamental foundation in the field of economy. According to a Forbes Digital Company, demand is the measurement or extent of a particular merchandise or service which, in turn, is the one preferred by buyers or specific market. The amount required refers to the monetary worth of a product which the public is prepared to but at a specified cost. Hence, the link between the value and magnitude demanded is what is called the demand relationship (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). Meanwhile, supply refers to how much the marketplace can propose. The capacity supplied also corresponds to the quantity of precise superior manufacturers which are ready to supply when getting a particular amount. The relationship between the worth and how much of a specific merchandise of service is provided to the public recognized as the supply relationship and that price, consequently, is a healthy indication of supply and demand (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). It is also significant to know that the law of supply exists when all other elements stay to be uniform hence the higher the amount of product and service, the less the public will require for that good. Also, the price that people pay at a higher cost is less due to the link that as the amount of product or service escalates; it goes the same way with the prospect value of purchasing the said god. In effect, humans by nature will be prevented from patronizing a good which compel them to give up the chance of buying a product or service which they definitely treasure more (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008). Similarly, the law of supply exhibits the measurements which will be retailed at a particular cost. In contrast to the law of demand, however, the supply relationship demonstrates a rising slope when illustrated. Hence, this simply means that the more elevated the cost, the quantity supplied also soars (â€Å"Economics Basics: Demand and Supply,† 2008).

Politicians Have Caused War, Economic Recession, Terrorism...

Abstract: In the recent times our world is going through significant changes. There are wars all around the world, Countries are caught in clutches of economic turmoil, Terrorism and Climate change are the biggest threat faced by human civilization, Abuse of human rights is mounting in almost every country, Corporate bankruptcies are skyrocketing, Poverty and Unemployment are at its peak and numerous other challenges. This makes us to ask several questions; who is responsible for all this? What is the future of human civilization? What are our leaders doing to counter these challenges? What would be the world order, had there been no leaders? How long six billion people will suffer for the greed of few hundred (leaders)? However, the†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, the meeting was inconclusive and they will meet again, again to condemn the current status quo and promising to take strong actions. This raises a question in our mind, if our leaders are not able to solve our issues, why do we need them? Things can be much better if don’t have our glorious leaders. They are supposed to be our representative but instead they are fostering their own ideologies. This is not only the case in geopolitical world but also in corporate, social and economic spheres, where our leaders have done a wonderful job to create economic and social havoc all over the world. History: Men, from the starting of evolution process, lived all by himself. He used to hunt and feed himself. As the time passed by he realized the need to live in group. Hence, our ancestors laid the foundation of modern society. With the passage of the time, their population grew so as well the need of a Leader who can look after themselves, who can protect them and when needed, address their concerns. Slowly, human civilization grew. Men, no longer was a nomadic hunter. There were strong establishments all over the world. 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